Clinical trials

The Ottawa Hospital is a leader in conducting clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of treatments, devices and procedures. This page includes selected news stories about our clinical trials, links to researchers doing clinical trials and related resources. You can also use this tool to search for clinical trials that are actively recruiting patients at The Ottawa Hospital.

Research News


Pioneering biotherapeutics trial paves the way for innovative approaches to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension Pioneering biotherapeutics trial paves the way for innovative approaches to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension
June 20, 2025 - Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and deadly disease that involves progressive damage to the tiny blood vessels that feed the lungs. In most cases, the cause is unknown and treatments are limited.
Ottawa researchers continue to set international standards for reporting clinical trials Ottawa researchers continue to set international standards for reporting clinical trials
May 23, 2025 - Nearly 30 years ago, the CONSORT statement transformed clinical trials around the world
International Clinical Trials Day: Three patient perspectives International Clinical Trials Day: Three patient perspectives
May 13, 2025 - This International Clinical Trials Day, let’s take a moment to recognize the incredible contributions of patient participants, the loved ones who support them, and the dedicated researchers, staff, and trainees who make it all possible.
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Researchers


Name Scientific appointment Diseases, conditions and populations of interest Research and clinical approaches
Atkins, Harold
MD, FRCPC
Senior Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Autoimmune disease, Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system, Blood cancer, Cancer, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Stiff person syndrome Basic research, Cancer biotherapeutics, Cancer immunotherapy, Cell therapy, Clinical trials, Immunotherapy, Oncolytic viruses, Regenerative medicine, Stem cells, Translational research, Transplantation, Viral therapy
Auer, Rebecca
MD, MSc, FRCSC
Senior Scientist
(Cancer Research)
Cancer, Colorectal cancer, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer Basic research, Cancer biotherapeutics, Cancer immunotherapy, Cell therapy, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Immunotherapy, Molecular and cellular biology, Oncolytic viruses, Peri-operative medicine, Quality Improvement, Surgery, Translational research, Viral therapy
Austin, Michael
MD, FRCPC, DRCPSC (PTM)
Clinician Investigator
(Acute Care Research)
Asthma, Cardiac arrest, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Diabetes, Pain, Population health, Stroke Clinical decision rules, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Emergency medicine, Palliative care, Risk assessment
Black, Amanda
MD, MPH, FRCSC
Clinician Investigator
(Acute Care Research)
Pregnancy, Women's health Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Health promotion, Surveys, Systematic reviews
Boet, Sylvain
MD, PhD
Affiliate Investigator
(Acute Care Research)
COVID-19 Anesthesiology, Behaviour, Clinical trials, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Patient engagement, Psychology, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Surgery, Systematic reviews, Translational research
Bose, Gauruv
MD, FRCPC
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system, Multiple sclerosis Artificial intelligence and data science, Biomarkers, Clinical decision rules, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Health economics
Breau, Rodney
MD
Senior Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Cancer, Kidney disease, Prostate cancer Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Imaging, Patient decision aids, Patient engagement, Quality Improvement, Surgery, Systematic reviews, Transfusions
Castellucci, Lana
MD, FRCPC, MSc
Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Thrombosis / thromboembolism Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Patient engagement, Systematic reviews, Transfusions
Clark, Edward
MD MSc FRCPC
Associate Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Kidney disease, Septic shock Clinical research, Clinical trials, Epidemiology
Clemons, Mark
MB BS, BMedSci, MSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPC
Scientist
(Cancer Research)
Breast cancer, Cancer Basic research, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Health research methods, Knowledge translation and implementation research
Dargel, Aroldo
M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Anxiety, Bipolar, Dementia, Depression, Diabetes, Hypertension, Mental health, Obesity, Population health, Suicide, Vascular, heart and metabolic disease Artificial intelligence and data science, Behaviour, Big data, Biomarkers, Biostatistics, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Digital and mobile health, Epidemiology, Health technology, Prevention, Psychology, Quality Improvement, Rapid reviews, Systematic reviews, Translational research
Delluc, Aurelien
MD, Ph. D.
Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Thrombosis / thromboembolism Clinical research, Clinical trials, Health research methods
Dennis, Kristopher
MD FRCPC PhD
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Cancer, Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer, Liver cancer, Pain, Pancreatic cancer Behaviour, Biomarkers, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Health professional behaviour change, Health services research, Palliative care, Pragmatic trials, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Systematic reviews
Dowlatshahi, Dariush
MD PhD FRCP(C)
Senior Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Stroke Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Imaging, Pragmatic trials, Epidemiology
Duffett, Lisa
MD
Associate Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Thrombosis / thromboembolism Clinical research, Clinical trials, Epidemiology
El-Chaar, Darine
MD, FRCSC, Msc
Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Autoimmune disease, COVID-19, Diabetes, Infectious disease, Inflammatory bowel syndrome, Maternal and fetal health, Newborn and child health, Population health, Pregnancy, Women's health Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health research methods, Health services research, Public health, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Systematic reviews
Fahed, Robert
MD MSc
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Stroke, Subarachnoid hemorrhage Biostatistics, Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Imaging, Pragmatic trials, Quality Improvement, Shared decision making, Systematic reviews
Fergusson, Dean
PhD, MHA, FCAHS
Program Director and
Senior Scientist
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Cancer, COVID-19, Kidney disease, Septic shock, Vascular, heart and metabolic disease Clinical trials, Health services research, Health technology, Patient engagement, Pragmatic trials, Surveys, Translational research, Biostatistics, Clinical research, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Health research methods, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Systematic reviews, Transfusions
Freedman, Mark
HBSc, MSc, MD, CSPQ, FAAN, FRCPC
Senior Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Multiple sclerosis Cell therapy, Clinical research, Regenerative medicine, Clinical trials
Grimes, David
MD, FRCPC
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Ataxia, Huntington's, Parkinson's Clinical research, Clinical trials, Patient decision aids
Harrison, Denise
RN, PhD
Affiliate Investigator
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Newborn and child health, Pain Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Knowledge translation and implementation research
Hatcher, Simon
BSc MBBS MMedSc MD FRCPC FRANZCP MRCPsych
Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Anxiety, Brain and neuromuscular disease, COVID-19, First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health, Health equity, Mental health, Traumatic brain injury, Depression, Health in disadvantaged peoples, Suicide Clinical research, Digital and mobile health, Health economics, Health professional behaviour change, Health research methods, Health services research, Health technology, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Patient engagement, Prevention, Public health, Qualitative methods, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Epidemiology, Psychology, Systematic reviews
Hiremath, Swapnil
MD, MPH, FASN
Associate Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Diabetes, Health in older peoples, Heart disease, Hypertension, Kidney disease, Population health, Vascular, heart and metabolic disease Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health services research, Imaging, Pharmacology, Pragmatic trials, Public health, Quality Improvement, Systematic reviews
Hutton, Brian
MSc, PhD
Senior Scientist
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Addiction, Anxiety, Breast cancer, Depression, Health equity, Health in disadvantaged peoples, Maternal and fetal health, Mental health, Population health, Suicide, Cancer Clinical research, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health research methods, Health services research, Patient safety, Public health, Rapid reviews, Biostatistics, Clinical trials, Systematic reviews
Kanji, Salmaan
BSc Pharm, PharmD
Associate Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Global health, Septic shock Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Epidemiology, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Systematic reviews
Kekre, Natasha
BSc, MD, MPH, FRCPC
Scientist
(Cancer Research)
Blood cancer, Cancer Cancer biotherapeutics, Cancer immunotherapy, Cell therapy, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Epidemiology, Immunotherapy, Patient engagement, Translational research, Transplantation
Lalu, Manoj
MD, PhD, FRCPC
Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Blood cancer, COVID-19, Heart disease, Stroke, Vascular, heart and metabolic disease Anesthesiology, Basic research, Cell therapy, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Disease models, Health research methods, Model organisms, Patient engagement, Regenerative medicine, Stem cells, Translational research
Lavallee, Luke
MDCM, MSc, FRCSC
Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Cancer, Kidney disease, Population health, Prostate cancer Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health economics, Health professional behaviour change, Imaging, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Patient decision aids, Quality Improvement, Surgery, Systematic reviews
Le Gal, Gregoire
MD, PhD
Senior Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Thrombosis / thromboembolism Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Epidemiology, Patient engagement, Peri-operative medicine
Lemaire, Edward
PhD
Affiliate Investigator
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Aging, Bone and joint degeneration, Bone and joint injuries, Concussion, Global health, Musculoskeletal conditions, Spinal cord injury, Traumatic brain injury, Traumatic injuries Big data, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Health research methods, Quality Improvement, Rehabilitation, Health technology
Liu, Johné
PhD
Senior Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Aging, Cancer, Infertility, Maternal and fetal health, Pregnancy, Women's health Basic research, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Disease models, Drug development, Translational research
Martel, Guillaume
MD, MSc (Epi), FRCSC, FACS
Senior Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Anemia, Bleeding disorders, Colorectal cancer, Liver cancer, Liver disease, Pancreatic cancer Anesthesiology, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Peri-operative medicine, Surgery, Systematic reviews, Transfusions
McIntyre, Lauralyn
MD, MHSc, FRCPC
Senior Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Septic shock Cell therapy, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Critical care, Patient engagement, Pragmatic trials, Stem cells, Transfusions, Translational research
McIsaac, Daniel
MD, MPH, FRCPC
Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Aging, Frailty, Health in older peoples, Pain, Population health Anesthesiology, Artificial intelligence and data science, Big data, Biostatistics, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Digital and mobile health, Epidemiology, Health services research, Patient engagement, Peri-operative medicine, Public health, Quality Improvement, Risk assessment, Surgery, Systematic reviews
Mestre, Tiago
MSc MD
Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's, Parkinson's Clinical trials, Imaging
Morgan, Scott
MD, MSc, FRCPC
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Bladder cancer, Breast cancer, Cancer, Prostate cancer Biomarkers, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Imaging, Systematic reviews
Nair, Vimoj
MBBS MD MSc FRCPC
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Blood cancer, Brain cancer, Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer, Liver cancer, Pancreatic cancer Artificial intelligence and data science, Biostatistics, Cancer biotherapeutics, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Health technology, Imaging, Pragmatic trials, Quality Improvement, Translational research
Nessim, Carolyn
MD, MSc, FRCSC, FACS
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Cancer, Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer, Gastrointestinal disease, Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), Soft tissue sarcoma, Skin cancer Biomarkers, Clinical trials, Gene expression, Immunotherapy, Surgery, Translational research, Viral therapy, Clinical research, Immunotherapy
Pakhale, Smita
MD, FRCPC, MSc (Epi & Biostat)
Senior Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
COVID-19, First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health, Health equity, Health in disadvantaged peoples, Lung disease, Sickle cell anemia Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health economics, Health promotion, Health services research, Patient engagement, Pragmatic trials, Public health, Quality Improvement
Poulin, Patricia
C. Psych.
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Addiction, Anxiety, Cancer, Chronic pain, Depression, Health equity, Musculoskeletal conditions, Pain Anesthesiology, Behaviour, Biomarkers, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Emergency medicine, Epidemiology, Health professional behaviour change, Health services research, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Palliative care, Patient decision aids, Patient safety, Peri-operative medicine, Pragmatic trials, Psychology, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Systematic reviews
Ramsay, Timothy
PhD
Senior Scientist
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Addiction, Alzheimer's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Anxiety, Ataxia, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Bipolar, Brain and neuromuscular disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Colorectal cancer, Concussion, Cystic fibrosis, Dementia, Depression, First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health, HIV, Immigrant and refugee health, Influenza, Kidney disease, Lung cancer, Macular degeneration, Men's health, Multiple sclerosis, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia gravis, Obesity, Ovarian cancer, Parkinson's, Pulmonary hypertension, Septic shock, Spinal cord injury Artificial intelligence and data science, Behaviour, Biomaterials, Biostatistics, Cell therapy, Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Drug development, Emergency medicine, Epidemiology, Health professional behaviour change, Health promotion, Health research methods, Health services research, Health technology, Immunization, Immunotherapy, Palliative care, Patient decision aids, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Prevention, Psychology, Psychometrics, Public health, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Regenerative medicine, Rehabilitation, Risk assessment, Shared decision making, Surgery, Surveys, Systematic reviews, Transfusions, Translational research, Transplantation, Viral therapy
Rodger, Marc
MD
Senior Scientist Affiliate
(Acute Care Research)
Pregnancy, Thrombosis / thromboembolism, Women's health Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Systematic reviews
Sabloff, Mitchell
MSc, MDCM, FRCPC
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Blood cancer Biomarkers, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Translational research
Sachs, Adam
MD, MA, FRCSC
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Spinal cord injury, Parkinson's Artificial intelligence and data science, Clinical trials, Imaging, Neuro-stimulation, Surgery
Santos, Marlise
MD (FRCPC), MSc, MPH
Clinician Investigator
(Neuroscience)
Alzheimer's, Anxiety, Ataxia, Autoimmune disease, Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system, Blood cancer, Brain and neuromuscular disease, Brain cancer, Cancer, Concussion, Dementia, Depression, Global health, Head and neck cancer, Health equity, Health in disadvantaged peoples, Infectious disease, Intellectual disabilities, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, Population health, Sickle cell anemia, Spinal cord injury, Stroke, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Thrombosis / thromboembolism, Traumatic brain injury, Traumatic injuries, Vascular cognitive impairment, Vascular, heart and metabolic disease Artificial intelligence and data science, Basic research, Behaviour, Biostatistics, Cancer biotherapeutics, Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Epidemiology, Health economics, Health research methods, Health services research, Health technology, Imaging, Patient safety, Pragmatic trials, Prevention, Public health, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Shared decision making, Surgery, Surveys, Systematic reviews
Schramm, David
MD SM FRCSC FACS
Associate Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Cochlear implantation, Hearing loss Biostatistics, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Epidemiology, Neuro-stimulation, Patient safety, Quality Improvement, Surgery, Systematic reviews
Seely, Jean
MDCM, FRCPC
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Breast cancer, Cancer, Health equity, Population health, Women's health Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Health technology, Imaging, Patient engagement, Public health, Quality Improvement, Surgery
Shamy, Michel
MD MA FRCPC
Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Stroke Clinical trials, Imaging
Siegal, Deborah
MD MSc FRCPC
Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Systematic reviews
Singh, Sukhbir
MD, FRCSC, FACOG
Associate Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Chronic pain Clinical trials, Health services research, Surgery, Surveys
Solmi, Marco
MD, PhD, Psychiatrist
Clinician Investigator
(Neuroscience)
Addiction, Anxiety, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Bipolar, Dementia, Depression, Mental health, Schizophrenia, Suicide Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health research methods, Neuro-stimulation, Pharmacology, Pragmatic trials, Surveys, Systematic reviews
Stacey, Dawn
RN, PhD, FRSC, FCAHS, FAAN, FCAN, CON(C)
Senior Scientist
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Clinical research, Clinical trials, Health professional behaviour change, Health research methods, Health services research, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Patient decision aids, Patient engagement, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Shared decision making, Surveys, Systematic reviews
Stewart, Duncan
MD, FRCPC
Senior Scientist
(Regenerative Medicine)
COVID-19, Heart disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Septic shock, Vascular, heart and metabolic disease Extracellular vesicles / exosomes, Stem cells, Cell therapy, Clinical trials, Molecular and cellular biology, Regenerative medicine, Translational research
Stiell, Ian
MD, MSc, FRCPC
Senior Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Heart disease Clinical decision rules, Clinical trials, Emergency medicine
Taljaard, Monica
PhD
Senior Scientist
(Methodological and Implementation Research)
Biostatistics, Clinical decision rules, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health professional behaviour change, Health research methods, Health services research, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Patient engagement, Quality Improvement
Tinmouth, Alan
MD, FRCPC, MSc (Clin Epi)
Senior Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
COVID-19, Sickle cell anemia, Thalassemia Clinical trials, Epidemiology, Transfusions
Tran, Alexandre
MD, MSc, FRCSC
Associate Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Traumatic injuries Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Critical care, Health research methods, Surgery, Systematic reviews
Tsai, Eve
MD, PhD, FRCSC, CIP
Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Brain and neuromuscular disease, Cancer, Spinal cord injury Biomaterials, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Imaging, Molecular and cellular biology, Regenerative medicine, Stem cells, Translational research
Walker, Mark
MD, FRCPC, MSc, MScHCM
Senior Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Global health, Health equity, Infertility, Maternal and fetal health, Newborn and child health, Population health, Pregnancy, Women's health Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Health economics, Health promotion, Health research methods, Health services research, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Pragmatic trials, Prevention, Public health, Quality Improvement, Rapid reviews, Risk assessment, Surveys, Systematic reviews
Wang, Tzu-Fei
MD, MPH
Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Cancer, Population health, Thrombosis / thromboembolism Clinical research, Clinical trials
Warman Chardon, Jodi
MD, PhD FRCPC (Neurology)
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Genetic myopathy, Muscular dystrophy, Neuromuscular disease, Spinal muscular atrophy, Stiff person syndrome Artificial intelligence and data science, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Exome sequencing analysis, Genetics, Imaging, MRI muscle imaging, Next generation sequencing, RNA sequencing, Genetics
Yogendrakumar, Vignan
MD, PhD, FRCPC
Associate Scientist
(Neuroscience)
Stroke Biomarkers, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Imaging, Pragmatic trials, Translational research
Zayed, Sondos
MD CM, FRCPC, MPH
Clinician Investigator
(Cancer Research)
Brain cancer, Cancer, Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer, Liver cancer, Pancreatic cancer Clinical research, Clinical trials, Epidemiology, Pragmatic trials, Systematic reviews
Zimmerman, Deborah
MD
Scientist
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Frailty, Kidney disease Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Epidemiology, Quality Improvement, Systematic reviews
Boet, Sylvain
MD, PhD
Affiliate Investigator
(Acute Care Research)
COVID-19 Anesthesiology, Behaviour, Clinical trials, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Patient engagement, Psychology, Qualitative methods, Quality Improvement, Surgery, Systematic reviews, Translational research
Harris, Cheryl
PhD
Clinician Investigator
(Neuroscience)
Anxiety, Cancer, Depression, Mental health, Pain Behaviour, Clinical trials, Digital and mobile health, Psychology
Ivory, Catherine
MD, PhD, FRCPC
Senior Clinician Investigator
(Inflammation and Chronic Disease)
Arthritis, Autoimmune disease, Lupus Basic research, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cohort studies, Translational research
Matache, Bogdan
MD
Clinician Investigator
(Acute Care Research)
Musculoskeletal conditions Clinical trials, Surgery
Simmons, John Graydon
MD, FRCPC
Clinician Investigator
(Acute Care Research)
Addiction, Health equity, Health in disadvantaged peoples, Hepatitis C, Infectious disease Clinical research, Clinical trials
Vaillancourt, Christian
MD, MSc, FRCPC, CSPQ
Senior Scientist
(Acute Care Research)
Cardiac arrest, Heart disease, Population health, Spinal cord injury, Traumatic brain injury, Traumatic injuries Clinical decision rules, Clinical research, Clinical trials, Cluster randomized trials, Cohort studies, Critical care, Emergency medicine, Epidemiology, Health economics, Health professional behaviour change, Health services research, Knowledge translation and implementation research, Public health, Quality Improvement, Surveys, Systematic reviews